Crustaceo Team - Better together

In Mexico there are social and economic problems, according to the statistics from the Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (2020), in 2018 data on the population in a situation of poverty and vulnerability were recorded, showing that approximately 52.4 million people are in a situation of poverty, 9.3 million in extreme poverty, 8.6 million are vulnerable due to income, 36.7 million are vulnerable due to social deprivation, while 27.4 million do not have any kind of vulnerability or poverty.

The problems of Mexico create an inequality where various issues influence, we know that the majority lack of opportunities in various areas, lack of things as necessary as water, food, health, etc.

Social factors make the people can develop or not, social development must be equitable and depends on education. In places where there is a lack of income and education, it limits the population to a precarious lifestyle of opportunities in accordance with what is established in the Naciones Unidas (1986; cited by Salvador-Benítez, 2008), that access to services basic, such as education, health, food, housing, employment and a fair distribution of income, generates equal opportunities. Therefore, the factors that can affect development must be analyzed.

Factors such as unemployment, lack of schools, accessibility to resources and infrastructure cause minority groups to be disadvantaged and choose to migrate to places with more possibilities, for example, indigenous people seek to migrate to the periphery of their areas and to the cities due to the extremely high level of precariousness and exploitation of resources by entrepreneurs. The effects on indigenous people are limited health services, lack of technologies, lack of adequate education, lack of access to water and hygiene, lack of information, multiple conflicts and violence, and their chances of living in poverty are triple , loss of their customs and traditions, in addition to the fact that 40% of their languages ​​are in danger of extinction, not to mention the number of deaths in those places (Rodríguez-Pecino, 2020).

Many indigenous people come to Mexico City from different parts of the country in search of a good job or to grow professionally to improve the living conditions of their families; however, the stay is difficult for most of them because they face hard discrimination. Some at a very young age abandon their customs, parents, friends, while others migrate as a family in search of the long-awaited “capital dream” without knowing what fate may bring them (Santiago-Marcelo, 2016).

At a certain moment in society, the need to know became increasingly greater, that formal education methods had to be used (through institutions) because at first it was the role of the family, which at a certain point of development of Needs no longer captured the role well because parents were not trained to teach certain knowledge (Cohen, 1992), despite this it is known that family education is a pillar that determines the development of the individual.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop encouraging and persuasive arguments that recognize education as a strategy for growth, economic development and social development (Salvador-Benítez, 2008).

It is necessary to know the type of education in which the person is directed, although it is known that one can learn to have an effective development in ethical areas, it must also be taken into account that it may be totally against the legal norms of said society causing conflict and causing disorder. Ortiz-Galindo and Ríos-Bolívar (2013) mention that attending basic education in the most marginalized regions of the country does not imply the same use and quality as an area that has all the necessary services (even so, there is no guarantee of the second being better quality).

In order to know how and what knowledge should be used in order to educate, we must first mention the characteristics of the types of knowledge, Gomezjara (2003) mentions several types of knowledge, in this work three are mentioned that we consider stand out from the others:

Religious. It is a set of ideas and beliefs about reality that do not need explanation, because it is believed that they are governed by a divinity.

Empirical. It is the type of subjective knowledge and involves aspects such as experience and what can be learned through the senses, this type of knowledge is partially correct.

Scientific. It is objective since the result will always be the same regardless of the person who perceives it, establishes cause and effect relations and in order to apply it, the scientific method is needed.

One of the important problems to address are the type of applications of legal norms, remembering that they are the ones that channel the will of man and his behavior with others. Therefore, we consider that it is necessary:

·        To be able to universally establish the concept of duty.

·        Do legal research and thus impose rights and obligations according to the country's problems.

·        Involve the structures of all branches of law and be able to make pertinent adaptations to the codes or the constitution.

·        Promote and seek an application of strict sense rules where the application of the legal rule is valid.

·        Establish an organic structure to know which is the highest authority and in the event that a state does not comply with the validity of the law, leave international rights in charge.

·        Seek a culture where the moral act is directed in a systematic way in order not to directly affect society, in order to eradicate a counter culture linked to crime.

·        Propose rules where its main objective is the good management of resources.

·        Seek transparency on the part of the state, reliably know the information on the resources, as well as carry out a monitoring plan from the extraction of the resources to their destination through intermediaries (workers, farmers, etc.).

Another problem that should be emphasized is the bad distribution of resources. It is known that approximately 40% of natural resources have been destined for anthropic interests (Costanza, 1999), in addition to the fact that of this percentage there is a poor distribution within human societies, given that a small percentage of the population enjoys Without measure of more than half of the resources, while the rest live in conditions of poverty or extreme poverty, making it impossible to satisfy their basic needs.

Finally, based on the paradigms mentioned in Colby (1991), we consider that there is an urgent need for a restructuring of the economy-environment relationship, abandoning the Cornucopia or “frontier economy” vision of the neoclassical school where the main objective is economic development, considering ecosystems as an infinite supply of resources, which are destined for their exploitation and satisfaction of human needs; and adopt a communalist or “ecological economy” vision where the economy-environment relationship considers the benefit of both parties, recognizing the intrinsic and instrumental value of nature and the interdependencies that exist within ecosystems (on which all the inhabitants depend)

Considering the previous points, it is not only intended to address social problems, but also economic and environmental problems. This work recognizes the importance of ecosystems as regulators of the quality and quantity of resources, since the impacts generated in them would have serious environmental consequences (in the physical biological environment), economic (in the production of resources of interest) and social (Carvajal-Escobar, 2010).

Therefore, it is necessary that the problems be approached from a holistic perspective, that is, taking into account all the components that are interrelated with the problem. Interdisciplinarity is an important and necessary tool for the analysis of the interrelationships that exist in a system (according to the definition proposed by von Bertalanfy in 1968; Von Bertalanfy, 1976), which constitute a structure (of the system) that function as an organized totality (García, 2011). In this case, marginalized societies, or societies of minority groups (as well as any other society) can be considered as complex systems where there are processes that interact and interrelate from different spheres: social, ecological, economic, political.