We have developed an algorithm that learns and extracts data to be used in a space ship, as well as by regular people facing sleeping problems down on Earth. Using the user's sleep data over the course of a week, the app identifies your sleep behavior and develops a sleeping schedule that guarantees the user quality sleep with at least 90% efficiency.
This data is then applied to a space environment. The app provides each user with their own personalized clock, that is 8 hours ahead or behind of their peers. So, if crewmember A's clock shows that the time is 12:00 noon, B's clock will show that the time is 20:00, and C 04:00 in the morning. This helps gives a sense of a 24 hour day to each user as to help them develop a certain routine throughout their time on the spaceship, and to prevent them from losing the sense of time. The clock on each user's app acts basically as a 'timezone' of the system time, which will also be displayed in the app. Each user gets 8 hours of rest from 00:00 to 8:00 (approx.) in their own time. Some or all of these 8 hours will be spent sleeping. For example, for 3 astronauts, one's time zone relative to the system time (SYS) would be SYS +0, ones would be SYS -8, ones would be +8, to ensure at least 2 are always awake in any given time interval. Every astronaut will be able to see and communicate with every other astronaut at some point in the day. For example, A will be able to see C during the period of B's sleep, and will be able to see B during the period of C's sleep.
Our user's quality sleep is our main concern, which is why we created an algorithm that slowly shifts and decreases the periods of sleep for each crewmember in the event of a scheduled maintenance or a docking period, to allow for all of them are awake during that time. This algorithm ensures that our users sleep is not abruptly disrupted and that they gradually change their sleeping time. Although the user will not be able to follow their perfect sleeping schedule during that period, but he/she will not have his/her sense of time completely disoriented by the event. After the event, the algorithm will slowly shift the users times back to normal.
Another feature of our program is a lighting and heating system that models a sunrise on a cool summer morning on Earth. The automated system will be inserted in the sleeping cabinets of the astronauts and will be synchronised with the app, so by the time it is 5am on the sleeping user's clock, the light and heat intensity will start increasing gradually, until it is fully bright by the time the user needs to wake up, creating optimal condtions and imitating the environment the user would feel in his bedroom at home. The program may also include a sound system.
Our application may also be used by regular people to fix their sleeping schedule. The app collects data about the user and returns a calculated ideal schedule, based on the 90 minutes sleep cycle, that the user may use initially. The user will then give feedback to the app, regarding the sleep quality and how much time approximately did he spend trying to sleep, and if he woke up in the middle of the sleeping period, and for how long. The app will further assess the schedule to move it back/forward accordingly. The main aim here is again to provide a 90%+ quality sleep to the user and ensure that he wakes up 10 minutes before the alarm.
To confront this challenge, we envisioned ourselves being on that spaceship and we imagined what it would be like being these astronauts yearning to be back at home, and how much more difficult it would be to lose all sense of time, not just on our physical health but also on our psyche. Furthermore, to carry those significant missions, we want to ensure that the circadian entrainment of every crewmember is not to be disrupted even during docking times and mainteanance, because we recognize the sensitivity of the biological clock in unfamiliar and unearthly environments, we do not want to compromise on our user's sleep quality. Our approach was to solve circadian entrainment in space that would disrupt the biological clock by providing each astronaut with a strict routine and a sense of a full day with their own time and schedule. To overcome the problem regarding the communication of time, a handy mobile app is provided to help every astronaut keep track of the system time alongside their own time and gives a full schedule for sleep, medication, and other flight info.
We figured that we could also expand our program to benefit regular people as well, during the critical times of the novel coronavirus. Knowing that during quarantine alot of people's daily routines got derailed and displaced, we wanted to develop a feature to determine their ideal sleeping schedule based on the inputted data about their age, weight, gender, etc. and then work on it with the user to perfect it and find an optimal sleep and wake-up time.
The algorithm we developed is detailed in this PDF file: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11k05ULXLELjXvHTFQ7wTdFmFvx1biMTB/view?usp=sharing
Because we have little knowledge in app development, we decided to develop the idea, create a good algorithm and design the app layout, leaving the coding to another day.
Here is a tablet version one of our teammates has developed:
https://apps.powerapps.com/play/2430c48e-a7c8-4564-9307-928cca74ef4a?tenantId=982895f5-72ca-418a-a1ef-d484e6515fd5&source=portal&screenColor=rgba(0%2C%20176%2C%20240%2C%201)
The articles and research provided alongside the project gave us huge insight as to how sleep is currently done in space and general information about sleep on earth. We used the information regarding sleep and sleep cycles to greatly influence how we structured our algorithm and our applications.
https://youtu.be/4xI8ZayOdgo
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-research-reveals-biological-clock-misalignment-effects-on-sleep-for-astronauts/
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/astronauts_improve_sleep
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/astronauts_improve_sleep